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THE CIGARETTE BUTT

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One of the smallest and most underrated pieces of evidence in the Cheri Jo Bates murder case is the cigarette butt recovered from the alleyway on October 31st 1966. At 9.30 pm on Sunday October 30th 1966 a female student was walking through the ill fated alleyway where Cheri Jo Bates' body would ultimately be discovered, when she observed a man smoking a cigarette. The two exchanged pleasantries, unfortunately however she was unable to furnish a facial description of the man, as he was standing in the shadows. Clearly the police believed this a valid and significant sighting, as not only was this woman the last eyewitness before the murder, but she was evidently able to specify the man's exact location, resulting in the police retrieving a cigarette butt from the alleyway, that years later would yield a DNA profile. The cigarette butt had a DNA concentration of 0.003 nanograms per microliter. Hair, believed to be from the killer, was found in a blood clot at the base of Cheri Jo Bates' right thumb, and also yielded DNA. If these two specimens were able to be matched, then we could say the killer of Cheri Jo Bates is the man responsible for discarding the cigarette retrieved. This may not necessarily be the man viewed by the female student, but there is a strong likelihood, as she would have led or described to police the exact location she had encountered him, and seemingly this was the only cigarette butt tested. This opens up many possibilities.
The unidentified male had a line of sight to Cheri Jo Bates' Volkswagen Beetle parked on Terracina Drive, he was standing in the alleyway 30 minutes subsequent to the library closing its doors, and was the last person seen in the alleyway prior to screams being heard, approximately 45-60 minutes later by local residents. This is the most viable suspect in relation to the murder.
We know Cheri Jo Bates was not present in the library at 9.00 pm, and did not leave at closing time. If this was her murderer, he may have been under the impression Cheri Jo Bates was in the library when he arrived to the Riverside campus. He disabled her vehicle and waited for her to exit. By 9.30 pm he would have realized she hadn't exited the library, but with her vehicle close by, knew she would be returning sooner rather than later, and the alleyway was the perfect vantage point.
If this man was a random killer not familiar with Cheri Jo Bates, simply on the lookout for lone women, he certainly rejected the opportunity that presented itself at 9.30 pm, when a young female student passed him in the alleyway. Does this, along with the disabling of Cheri Jo Bates' vehicle indicate he had a specific target in mind? It definitely points in this direction. Situated in the alleyway, between the library annex and the Volkswagen Beetle, if this man was the killer, it could be argued that he was of the belief that Cheri Jo Bates would be traveling from right to left along Terracina Drive to return to her vehicle, as opposed to the reverse.   

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Does the fact that Riverside Police have consistently dismissed any link to the Zodiac Killer, suggest a DNA comparison has been established. If the DNA retrieved from the Riverside crime scene has all but ruled out long standing suspect 'Bob Barnett,' then for anybody who believes the Cheri Jo Bates and Zodiac cases are connected, and have a 'favorite' suspect, then available DNA could effectively rule them out too.
The DNA comparison ruled out 'Bob Barnett', but how many of Cheri Jo Bates' colleagues, companions and friends of the day have latterly been screened and been eliminated or otherwise.
This crime has all the hallmarks of a killer who knew Cheri Jo Bates, knew where she was going that evening, knew her vehicle, and if the man in the alleyway was our killer, he was prepared to wait a substantial period of time to secure his objective. The answer to how close this person was to Cheri Jo Bates may lie in the discarded cigarette butt, how long he was prepared to lie in wait in the alleyway, and possibly his mistaken belief that Cheri Jo Bates was studying in the library until closing time. These, coupled with the disabling of the Volkswagen Beetle, may point to the inner circle rather than a stranger.    


TWO ASSAILANTS AT PRESIDIO HEIGHTS?

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The following has been covered many times before on this site, but on this occasion we will examine the premise of two assailants present in the rear of Paul Stine's taxicab at the intersection of Washington and Cherry Streets on October 11th 1969. It is not necessarily a position I subscribe to, however in the interest of neutrality it must be examined. This will not be based on speculation, it will be reasoned using the three teenage eyewitnesses and the timelines of Donald Fouke and Armond Pelissetti, two of the initial police responders that night.
Many eyewitnesses involved in the Zodiac crimes have changed, if not embellished their testimony down the years, and rightly must treated with skepticism. An ever changing and elaborate story is to be considered suspect. But what we notice in the police report of the Paul Stine murder is very little detail. A report only one and a half pages long, drafted by the following morning of October 12th 1969. The three teenagers have been noticeably quiet during the last 48 years, in which publicity seeking opportunism could certainly not be leveled at them. They gave a second account of the night's events on October 11th 1969, and although one usually sneers at second, third and fourth generation accounts of the same event, their full account of the murder of Paul Stine was never originally heard and documented in a rather limited police report. Their recounting of events at a later date carries much weight, because not only does it explain why a blooded fingerprint was found on the dividing panel, between Paul Stine's driver side door and the left rear passenger door, but their testimony is fully corroborated by the statement of Armond Pelissetti on the 2007 Zodiac documentary.   
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This is the statement of the Robbins teenagers "As both Robbins kids were the oldest, their statements were the given the most weight. Also they were the least traumatized by the event. One of the kids (not sure which) noticed a cab parked outside (in that now famous spot) with the interior lights on. So when Lindsey told me that the light inside the car was like a spotlight, it was so bright.
The first kid at the window said the driver looked "sick, or something". Lindsey and Rebecca went to the window and saw the driver laying across the front seat, head toward the passenger door. His head was in the lap of another man (passenger). Rebecca saw blood and said out loud, "he's stabbing that man." She was seeing blood on the victim and saw the glint of a knife, so she assumed a stabbing was taking place. (No shots were heard by anyone). We know now that Zodiac was cutting off a large piece of Stine's shirt with the knife.
At this time, Lindsey went downstairs to get a better look at what was happening, while one of the kids upstairs called the police. Downstairs, the lights were off, so Lindsey knew he could not be seen from the outside. He got close to the window and watched his actions. He was shortly joined by Rebecca. They both watched and observed in silence as Zodiac pushed the driver to an upright position behind the steering wheel, exited the car and walked around the rear of the car and opened the driver's door. Stine had fallen over onto the seat and Zodiac pulled him back up into the seated position and had some difficulty keeping him upright. Once upright, he was seen to have a rag, or something like a handkerchief and began to wipe down the door area and leaning over the driver, part of the dashboard. When he was finished, Zodiac calmly walked to Cherry St. and walked north.
Not many know this, but Lindsey (being 16. feeling immortal, and believing the suspect to be armed with only a knife) ran out of his door to see where Zodiac was going. He ran to the corner of Cherry and watched as Zodiac continued his casual pace right up to the corner of Jackson & Cherry.

At this exact point, the first SFPD car arrives with two officers. One, Pelissetti, approached Lindsey and tried to extract what was happening. The other officer went to the cab and found the bloody victim. While Pelissetti was asking questions, Lindsey was trying to explain that the suspect was in sight on Cherry St. By the time Pelissetti got the point, they both looked and the Zodiac was gone."

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There are two key points to remember in this account:
​#1. "They both watched and observed in silence as Zodiac pushed the driver to an upright position behind the steering wheel, exited the car and walked around the rear of the car and opened the driver's door. Stine had fallen over onto the seat and Zodiac pulled him back up into the seated position and had some difficulty keeping him upright."
The 'Zodiac' could likely have deposited blooded fingerprints on the taxicab door divider as he braced his right hand to lever Paul Stine back to a seated position, albeit he didn't remain in this position.
​#2. "
Not many know this, but Lindsey (being 16. feeling immortal, and believing the suspect to be armed with only a knife) ran out of his door to see where Zodiac was going. He ran to the corner of Cherry and watched as Zodiac continued his casual pace right up to the corner of Jackson & Cherry."
This was backed up by Armond Pelissetti in the 2007 documentary "We responded to a radio call that told us a cab driver was being robbed and possibly assaulted at the corner of Cherry and Washington Street in Pacific Heights. We fortunately were very close and responded to that corner, and able to do so red light and siren, and got there very quickly. I parked the car in the middle of the intersection, facing the Yellow Cab. There were three children that were heading over to that car, they were about 15 or 16 feet away. I made the assumption they were coming from the home on the corner and herded them immediately back to that alcove. I didn't know if the suspect was still there.....  It was then I was told it was a white male, I couldn't get to the radio fast enough at that point to let everybody else know. The kids had told me whoever had done this crime had left the cab, went out the door and seemed to be wiping the cab down and reaching into the cab and ambling or walking down Cherry Street in a northerly direction, kind of towards the Presidio. I walked that way myself, I did not run because there are innumerable alcoves and parked cars, so I went down following every technique I knew so I didn't get my head blown off."
It is clear from Armond Pelissetti's statement and that of the three teenagers, that indeed they were milling around near the intersection of Washington and Cherry, not confined in their residence throughout, as one could easily interpret from the police report alone. The testimony of the three teenagers however provides a massive headache regarding the perceived order of events that night.  

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The attack was logged at 9.55 pm, with the police dispatcher sending out the radio message to responding officers at 9.58 pm. This meant that Donald Fouke and Armond Pelissetti both received the initial broadcast at 9.58 pm.
Donald Fouke stated he was traveling northbound on Presidio Avenue, having just passed Washington Street. Armond Pelissetti we shall come to shortly.
Donald Fouke stated he saw a male subject as he was approaching the Jackson and Maple intersection. The white male adult was close to the intersection. The traveling distance to this point for Donald Fouke is exactly 862 meters (0.5 mile). He stated after receiving the initial broadcast he was traveling at 35-40 mph, but taking into account slowing for crossing the intersections, it has been calculated that his journey time to the Jackson and Maple intersection from his original position, would have been approximately 1 minute. This places him at the Jackson and Maple intersection at 9.59 pm.
This also places the mystery man here at 9.59 pm.
The author of the 'Bus Bomb' letter one month later stated that "
p.s. 2 cops pulled a goof abot 3 min after I left the cab. I was walking down the hill to the park when this cop car pulled up + one of them called me over + asked if I saw anyone acting suspicious or strange in the last 5 to 10 min + I said yes there was this man who was runnig by waveing a gun & the cops peeled rubber + went around the corner as I directed them + I disappeared into the park a block + a half away never to be seen again".
The movements of Donald Fouke and Eric Zelms were never publicized in the newspapers before November 9th 1969, indicating that the author of the 'Bus Bomb' letter knew the exact location of where Donald Fouke's patrol car was at exactly the right time. This means the man spotted by Donald Fouke was the author of the 'Bus Bomb' letter. But was he the killer.
The journey time up Cherry Street is 1 minute. The journey time from the top of Cherry to the intersection of Jackson and Maple is 2 minutes, corroborating the letter writer when he stated "p.s. 2 cops pulled a goof abot 3 min after I left the cab". Working backwards, this places the mystery man at the top of Cherry at 9.57 pm, and leaving the taxicab at 9.56 pm. (shown on the map below).

Now remember what the three teenagers stated "Not many know this, but Lindsey (being 16. feeling immortal, and believing the suspect to be armed with only a knife) ran out of his door to see where Zodiac was going. He ran to the corner of Cherry and watched as Zodiac continued his casual pace right up to the corner of Jackson & Cherry.
At this exact point, the first SFPD car arrives with two officers. One, Pelissetti, approached Lindsey and tried to extract what was happening. The other officer went to the cab and found the bloody victim. While Pelissetti was asking questions, Lindsey was trying to explain that the suspect was in sight on Cherry St. By the time Pelissetti got the point, they both looked and the Zodiac was gone."
When Armond Pelissetti arrived the suspect was in sight approaching the corner of Jackson and Cherry. We know from the diagram above, this was 9.57 pm. Therefore Armond Pelissetti must have arrived at 9.57 pm. This however is very odd, as Armond Pelissetti didn't even get the initial broadcast until 9.58 pm, and still had to travel to the scene "red light and siren."
We know that Armond Pelissetti didn't arrive at the crime scene at 9.56 pm or earlier, because we know Zodiac left the taxicab at 9.56 pm and reached the top of Cherry at 9.57 pm. He couldn't have arrived at 9.56:30 pm, because the mystery man would have only journeyed half way up Cherry (30 seconds traveling time on a 1 minute street). So it is clear that Armond Pelissetti did arrive at 9.57 pm. Therefore Armond Pelissetti received the initial broadcast prior to 9.57 pm. He stated in the Zodiac 2007 documentary "
We fortunately were very close and responded to that corner, and able to do so red light and siren at 9.55 pm at night, and got there very quickly."
This time of 9.55 pm makes perfect sense. They "were very close" and would have been exactly two minutes traveling time from the intersection of Washington and Cherry when they received the initial broadcast, arriving at the intersection at 9.57 pm, just as Zodiac was approaching the top of Cherry. This means the logged attack and initial broadcast would have been 9.55 pm, not 9.58 pm, as detailed in the police report. But here is the major problem.     
 
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Donald Fouke received the initial broadcast at the same time as Armond Pelissetti. So if Armond Pelissetti received the initial broadcast at 9.55 pm, Donald Fouke received it at 9.55 pm. His journey time traveling northbound on Presidio Avenue, having just passed Washington Street (his initial position that night) to the intersection of Jackson and Maple is again 1 minute. He would now arrive at Jackson and Maple at 9.56 pm, where he viewed the suspect. The problem is, we know from all the above facts, along with the map, that 'Zodiac' had left the taxicab crime scene at 9.56 pm. He cannot be in both places at the same time, separated by 3 minutes walking time. This is a major discrepancy, if we use the corroborated timeline of Armond Pelissetti and the three teenagers.
This would place 'Zodiac' leaving the crime scene at 9.56 pm, and approaching the Jackson and Maple intersection at 9.56 pm.     
We surely cannot have Donald Fouke spotting 'Zodiac' at 9.56 pm, because this would have him leaving the taxicab at 9.53 pm, two minutes before the actual attack occurred. Additionally, Armond Pelissetti would not have been at the Washington and Cherry intersection, when Zodiac was apparently approaching the northern edge of Cherry at 9.57 pm (it doesn't take 'Zodiac' 4 minutes to walk up Cherry). So could Donald Fouke have been mistaken and never saw the Zodiac Killer at all. This doesn't seem likely, as we know the author of the 'Bus Bomb' letter knew that "2 cops" were present at the intersection of Jackson and Maple that night, something not disclosed in the newspapers. So is it possible Donald Fouke saw the "letter writer" traveling along Jackson Street,  but not his accomplice, who was just leaving the taxicab. We know that Donald Fouke in the 1989 'Crimes of the Century' documentary, stated that after receiving the initial broadcast "We proceeded on Jackson Street towards Arguello continuing our search, as we arrived at Arguello Street the description of the suspect was changed to a white male adult, believing this suspect was possibly the one involved in the shooting we entered the Presidio of San Francisco and conducted a search on West Pacific Avenue, the opposite side of the wall and the last direction we observed the suspect going, we did not find the suspect." The question arose, as to why Donald Fouke was heading towards Arguello Boulevard, away from the crime scene of an "assault and robbery," when he should have been heading towards it. The logical assumption was that he did indeed stop 'Zodiac,' and Zodiac directed him that way. If there were two assailants, and one was still present near or at the crime scene, it would make perfect sense for the accomplice on Jackson Street to direct Donald Fouke away towards Arguello Boulevard to protect his accomplice.          

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The teenagers never saw the taxicab pull up to the corner of Washington and Cherry Streets. They only began observing the crime when the man was already in the front of the taxicab. They never observed or heard the shooting, so it could never be claimed as fact or certainty, that the man observed tearing a swatch of Paul Stine's shirt was the actual killer of the taxicab driver. His accomplice may have already shot Paul Stine and cleared the intersection of Washington and Cherry Streets before the three teenagers even looked out of the window.
If this man (the actual killer) was the man spotted by Donald Fouke at 9.56 pm by Jackson and Maple, he would have left the taxicab at 9.53 pm, before the teenagers looked out of the window at approximately 9.55 pm, and would now back up the timeline of Donald Fouke receiving the initial broadcast at 9.55 pm. This man may very well have been the trigger man, while his accomplice stayed behind to secure the swatch of Paul Stine's shirt. This would have been the man observed by the three teenagers, not the killer. This would have reduced the risk of capture for the man holding the 'smoking gun.' Had the police arrived as his accomplice was tearing a piece of shirt, he could simply have claimed to be a passer by, who was aiding the stricken taxicab driver. After all, Paul Stine was shot, and this man possessed no gun.  
This places the killer at Jackson and Maple at 9.56 pm, and his accomplice leaving the scene of crime at 9.56 pm. Donald Fouke is directed to Arguello Boulevard by the killer, leaving a clear path for his accomplice traveling up Cherry to a predetermined destination and meeting place.       

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This lends credence to arguments given by such people as Thomas Horan, who claim that the individual seen by the three teenagers and Donald Fouke are actually two separate people. Here are the two descriptions given:
#1. The three teenagers stated the killer was "A white male, 25-30 years old, 5'8" to 5'9", stocky build, reddish-brown hair worn in a crew cut, heavy rimmed glasses and dark clothing."
#2. Donald Fouke in his typed memorandum of 12th November 1969 stated he was a "WMA, 35-45 yrs, about 5'10", 180-200 lbs, medium heavy build, barrel chested, medium complexion, light colored hair possibly graying in rear, crew cut, wearing glasses."   
There is a discrepancy in hair color and a marked deviation in age. Donald Fouke would later remark on the sketch of the suspect given by the three teenagers, stating he believed the suspect to be "older and heavier." However he never apparently challenged the facial description of the suspect. So was he mistaken and just went along with the facial description, or was it the same person all along. The timeline seems to challenge this notion. Were the two accomplices related, wearing the same disguise or just visually similar, with a crew cut and glasses?
As stated at the beginning, I am not closed to the idea of two assailants at Presidio Heights on October 11th 1969, but neither am I totally convinced either. The timeline is the key.

PROFILED-THE ZODIAC EXAMINED BY MARK HEWITT

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PROFILED: The Zodiac Examined, book 2 of the Zodiac serial killer series, is now available for pre-order in both paperback and limited edition hard cover versions.
Pre-order yours now, and we'll ship it so you have it 2 weeks before the release date (approximately September 14, 2017).
​The Zodiac serial killer claimed the lives of at least five young victims between 1966 and 1974, and mocked the police with telephone calls, taunting letters, and encrypted messages. Thousands of men have been accused; nearly 2,500 have been investigated. Yet the Zodiac has never been identified. 
This painstakingly researched and meticulously detailed compendium to the Zodiac serial killer case by true crime author Mark Hewitt presents the crimes and their effect on a community, including the various sides of the many disputed issues within the case.
PROFILED: The Zodiac Examined discusses the case files of the Zodiac serial killer case. Included is an extensive profile of the killer that just may lead to his identification.
This indispensable series is accessible to anyone interested in joining the pursuit, exploring a mystery, or witnessing the police response to an appalling crime spree.
Order your copy here: https://geniusbookpublishing.com/profiled.html

NEAR THE LIBRARY ANNEX

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Cheri Jo Bates, by all accounts, was a gregarious and sociable young woman who easily made friends. The day of her murder she had called her friend Stephanie Guttman at approximately 3.45 pm to see if she wanted to accompany her to the Riverside library that evening to study, but Stephanie declined the offer. It would be another 45-75 minutes later that Cheri Jo Bates left her 4195 Via San Jose residence in her lime green Volkswagen Beetle (between 4.30-5.00 pm).. The journey time from her residence to the Riverside City College library is little more than 10 minutes journey time, which evidently would place her outside the library at around 5.10 pm at the latest, rather early for a library that doesn't open until 6.00 pm. We have Cheri placing a phone call to her co-worker Donna at the Riverside National Bank at 5.30 pm, explaining that she had misplaced her term paper bibliography. So we know she had to have made this call somewhere other than her home residence, likely from somewhere near to the library. Strangely though, the next two sightings of Cheri Jo Bates by eyewitnesses have her driving towards Terracina Drive and the library annex at 6.10-6.15 pm. This would be 40-45 minutes after the call to Donna. Where did she go for this extended period of time. 
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Had she called on a friend to seek companionship, in light of Stephanie Guttman being unable to accompany her to the library that night. Clearly she had left her residence that night at least one hour prior to the library opening that evening. She certainly wasn't going to sit in her Volkswagen Beetle outside the library for 50 minutes, in temperatures that exceeded 80 degrees Fahrenheit in October. It is also clear she wasn't sitting outside the library, well in advance, waiting for it to open.
A Mexican-American student: stated 'he knew Cheri Jo Bates and had noticed her in the library the night in question. He said he saw the girl "writing something with a ball point pen" in her blue spiral school notebook." The boy told us he was outside about 5.30 pm, waiting for the library to open at 6, and it was then he saw the girl'.
This statement is open to interpretation, but the Mexican-American student does indicate he saw Cheri Jo Bates IN the library, not outside. He was waiting outside the library at 5.30 pm, but it was only once the library opened at 6.00 pm, that he saw the girl "writing something with a ball point pen" in her blue spiral school notebook. We know two eyewitness saw her approaching Terracina Drive at approximately 6.10 pm. So it is likely the Mexican-American student saw Cheri Jo Bates shortly after it opened. He was likely able to recollect such precise details regarding her ball point pen and blue spiral school notebook, because the library was probably quite empty at this point. The details he gave lends credence to the fact Cheri Jo Bates did enter the library that evening, albeit for a very brief period of time. Detectives could easily have authenticated the accuracy of his statement, from the victim's belongings retrieved from her vehicle or the crime scene   
We know that no further eyewitnesses saw Cheri Jo Bates in the library that evening from 6.30-9.00 pm, indicating she spent likely 15 minutes or less in the library. She had earlier misplaced her bibliography, so unless she had already returned home to retrieve it, she may have felt she was unable to do the studying she had planned and went elsewhere. It is also equally possible, that because Stephanie Guttman was unable to accompany her to the library, she may have made alternative arrangements before leaving her residence. Whatever the case, from approximately 6.30 pm to 10.30-10.45 pm, when screams were heard coming from the alleyway, her movements are unaccounted for. It could be argued however, that spending 4 hours elsewhere, was somewhere she likely felt comfortable.           

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Shortly after 6.10 pm, four young men, under police interrogation stated "they had seen Cheri Jo near her car the previous night." They didn't recall any suspicious activity around the Volkswagen Beetle that evening, so the claim she was abducted as she arrived on Terracina Drive, or had returned to a disabled Volkswagen Beetle could not have happened during the time they were sitting on the fence opposite her vehicle.
They were later spotted by other eyewitnesses in exactly the same location. Walter Siebert stated that 
'he and a few friends were in the library from 7.15 pm until 9, but did not see Miss Bates, whom they all knew. They said they saw four men dressed in work clothes sitting on a fence across from the spot where Miss Bates' car was found, but they did not know them.' 
The remaining options appear to be that Cheri Jo Bates left the library that evening with person or persons unknown, or had arranged earlier that day to visit another friend, after Stephanie declined her offer.
Two crucial factors come into play here:
#1. The Riverside light was fading badly shortly after six and 'Detectives learned from the slain girl's friends that Cheri Jo had been "terribly afraid of the darkness." 
#2. Cheri Jo Bates vehicle would have been parked on Terracina Drive for upwards of 4 hours.
If Cheri Jo Bates had prearranged to visit somebody that evening, it would suggest the secondary location was within reasonable walking distance. The question to ask would be, how far was Cheri Jo Bates prepared to walk that evening in the dark. Or how far would you be prepared to walk, when you have a vehicle parked right outside the library. There is a reasoned argument to be had, to suggest the secondary location, possibly a friend's apartment or house, was extremely close to the Riverside campus grounds. Quite possibly situated in the adjoining streets.  
If Cheri Jo Bates did visit a nearby friend's residence for several hours, they clearly failed to reveal this information to investigators. One could argue they feared being implicated in the crime, being the last person to see Cheri Jo Bates before her death, or they were the actual killer of Cheri Jo Bates, while escorting her back to her vehicle. But if she visited them, when did they disable her vehicle? In a heated argument when they both returned to her vehicle. If the latter were the case, then the 'smoking man', observed by a female student in the alleyway at 9.30 pm may have a reprieve, but it's not the likeliest of scenarios.  
Cheri Jo Bates was certainly 'missing' for approximately 4 hours, with her Volkswagen Beetle sitting idle in Terracina Drive, and if she hadn't been abducted, then she was seemingly comfortable in her surroundings, likely with a friend, and possibly very close by. 

http://www.zodiacciphers.com/zodiac-news/the-cigarette-butt     

THE 340 CIPHER 9X9 GRID BY JOHN ROSE

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John Rose from Australia has uncovered some interesting features within the Zodiac Killer's unsolved 340 Cipher, mailed to the San Francisco Chronicle on November 8th 1969. This does not tackle the entirety of the cipher, as the extremities of the code still remains unbroken. What it does do however is show an extremely promising correlation between the 340 Cipher and Halloween Card, using predominantly 81 characters in a 9 X 9 grid formation at the center of the cipher. It has been achieved using nothing more than Dave Oranchak's Web Toy, implementing zkdecrypto cipher-cracking software. The tool can be found on the Zodiac Killer Ciphers website here. If you place the following letters into the Web Toy, you can recreate the results shown in the grid below.  For further correspondence on this matter email: jjrcipher340@gmail.com 
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The Youtube video presentation can be found here.

To comment on this article visit the Zodiac Ciphers Facebook page.

A STICKLER FOR TIMEKEEPING

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The following is supplementary to the article 'American Canyon-Hot Zone,' exploring the possible home location of the Zodiac Killer. Using the premise of the Zodiac Killer working a regular 9-5 job, and the 'buffer zone' and 'least effort principle' of geographical profiling, we shall examine the idea that our killer strategically planned out every crime in advance, using precise distance and time as the overriding factors. This attention to detail, his use of maps in his correspondence, including the term 'radians,' his mailing of ciphers, diagrams and access to multiple firearms, could suggest a historically disciplined and attentive individual, although not necessarily of military roots.
Taking American Canyon as our point of interest, the crimes at Lake Herman Road and Blue Rock Springs would obviously employ a 'buffer zone' to his residence, and both occurring on a Friday (9-5 job), would also bring into play the 'least effort principle', where he is likely to travel less distance from his residence on a day in which he has worked. This would be the case in both of these crimes. But time and distance may have been paramount to the Zodiac Killer, plotting precisely how far he was prepared to travel, in conjunction with how long it would take.      
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American Canyon to Lake Herman Road is approximately 11 miles or 19 minutes traveling time by vehicle. 
American Canyon to Blue Rock Springs is approximately 8 miles or 15 minutes traveling time by vehicle. 
The Zodiac Killer's buffer zones would be within 4 minutes of each other during the first two crimes.
His next crimes would be on Saturday, at Lake Berryessa and Presidio Heights. Assuming this was a non-working day, the least effort principle would apply less constraint to his movements. Not limited by time he can now travel further afield, which is exactly what he did. But would time and distance yet again come into play in his plans. 

American Canyon to Presidio Heights is approximately 48 miles or 1 hr 12 minutes traveling time by vehicle.
American Canyon to Lake Berryessa is approximately 38 miles or 1 hr 09 minutes traveling time by vehicle.  
The buffer zone difference in these two crimes is a mere 3 minutes. It was only 4 minutes in Vallejo and Benicia.  
From American Canyon to the Springs and Tuolumne payphone is a 16 minute journey. From American Canyon to the 1231 Main Street payphone is a 26 minute journey.
The buffer zones from American Canyon to Lake Herman Road, Blue Rock Springs and the Springs and Tuolumne payphone are 19 minutes, 15 minutes and 16 minutes respectively.   

PictureBryan Hartnell's Karmann Ghia
​In the article 'Lake Berryessa-North of the Crime Scene Pt 2' it was considered that the Zodiac Killer after stabbing Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard likely returned to his vehicle, parked not by the Karmann Ghia, but 0.8 miles further north along the Knoxville Road, where he may have been observed by Dr Clifton Rayfield and his son David, who described seeing an individual wearing a "long-sleeved dark shirt with red coloring." It was considered this may have been blood. The journey time on foot 0.8 miles north, using caution, would have taken 20-25 minutes, arriving at his vehicle at 6.50-6.55 pm, The 45 minute journey time to the 1231 Main Street, Napa payphone from this location would have him making the call to police dispatcher Dave Slaight at exactly 7.40 pm, the exact time the call was logged.
The buffer zone in terms of minutes from the Knoxville Road to the Napa payphone would be 45 minutes, if the above scenario was correct. In other words, the Zodiac Killer allowed 45 minutes to elapse before calling the police. After the Blue Rock Springs attack on Michael Mageau and Darlene Ferrin he waited 40 minutes, only a 5 minute difference. It seemed like everything he did was based on the clock. The 4 minute difference to his Friday murder sites. The 3 minute difference to his Saturday murder sites. The 5 minute difference between the second and third crime scene to each phone call. A total of only 12 minutes.
If we include the time difference to each payphone from American Canyon, which is 10 minutes, that gives us a grand total of 22 minutes over four crime scenes, based on a Monday to Friday, 9-5 job, using the criteria of the 'least effort principle'.
But only if the Zodiac Killer lived in American Canyon. 

http://www.zodiacciphers.com/zodiac-news/the-american-canyon-hot-zone

WAS THE BERRYESSA CRIME A COPYCAT ?

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PictureDave Slaight and Bryan Hartnell
The double stabbing at Lake Berryessa on September 27th 1969 has been constantly questioned as a Zodiac crime, often backed up by the argument that the Zodiac Killer never bragged to newspapers in the following weeks. On the face of it he didn't really have to, as Bryan Hartnell was able to recall virtually every chilling detail in the aftermath of the attack. To claim that the lack of correspondence by the Zodiac Killer after this crime, is evidence of a copycat killer, is a false dichotomy. They are not the only two options. There are many features of this crime that suggest a Zodiac connection, but there is actually no evidence whatsoever to the contrary.
The first claim is that the modus operandi (MO) of the crime was totally different from the other three attacks. This is clearly not true. It was an attack on a young couple, seemingly random, just like the first two crimes preceding it, despite the sample size being relatively small and statistically weak. Had the killer not mailed pieces of Paul Stine's shirt with three subsequent letters or written to the newspapers, neither the police or anybody else would have likely connected this to the Zodiac Killer. The modus operandi would have been called into question. So claiming the Lake Berryessa crime, as not that of the Zodiac Killer, because it didn't marry up perfectly with the first two crimes, is again not evidence of anything. Absence of perfect continuity is not evidence to the absence of Zodiac.
The message on the car door detailing his crimes to date shows distinct Zodiac traits in the handwriting, but expecting it to match up perfectly with his mailed correspondence is not a reasonable premise. He had just stabbed a couple sixteen times, his adrenaline was likely raised, he had then traversed back up the hill and proceeded to write on the car door of Bryan Hartnell's car, on a different surface, in larger handwriting, in a totally different position he would adopt if he were writing calmly on a desktop. The comparison between the two must take this into account, so the fact it looks somewhat similar to his mailed correspondence, is actually quite an achievement. Had this been written by a copycat it would actually have been a lot harder, who not only had all of the above to contend with, but had to replicate the handwriting from an awkward stance or seated position, side on to the vehicle.  

PictureNancy Slover
The tone and phraseology of the killer in both phone calls to the police is virtually identical. After the Blue Rock Springs Park attack he stated "I wish to report a double murder. If you will go one mile east on Columbus Parkway to a public park, you will find the kids in a brown car. They have been shot by a 9 mm Luger. I also killed those kids last year.... Good-bye". After Lake Berryessa he stated "I want to report a murder, no, a double murder. They are two miles north of Park Headquarters. They were in a white Volkswagen Karmann Ghia" and after a brief pause uttered the words  "I'm the one that did it". It is possible a copycat read the transcript of the Zodiac Killer's first call to police in the newspapers, and reproduced its phraseology during the Napa payphone call. But why is it easier to believe that, rather than believing it was the Zodiac Killer. What evidence exists to promote a copycat making the call above the Zodiac Killer. There is none. The same can be said of the handwriting on Bryan Hartnell's Karmann Ghia.  
In terms of the content of the handwriting, it is often said it was not the Zodiac Killer because his November 8th 1969 'Dripping Pen' card made reference to a murder or possible double murder in August, which the killer at Lake Berryessa did not refer to on the car door. But the reverse could be argued, that the reference to September in the 'Dripping Pen' card is equal proof that he was claiming the Lake Berryessa crime as his, particularly in light of no other valid murders in September, where a killer wore a crossed circle costume and made a phone call with all the hallmarks of Blue Rock Springs Park. This again is a false argument. Even if the Zodiac Killer had murdered in August, the police were apparently unaware of this fact prior to the Lake Berryessa attack, so he simply wrote the dates of the crimes he knew the police would recognize.
​At the top of the Karmann Ghia door the Zodiac wrote 'Vallejo,' so any murder outside of this area would have been unnecessary to include in the message. This indicated that the Zodiac believed that both the Lake Herman Road murders and the attack at Blue Rock Springs Park were both committed in the jurisdiction of Vallejo. This is understandable because the jurisdictional line that separates Benicia and Vallejo is a matter of yards from the Lake Herman Road turnout. The Zodiac remember, never mentioned Benicia in any of his correspondence, but mentioned Vallejo several times. Curious then, that a copycat would make the same mistake and lump the 12-20-68 on the car door under the banner of Vallejo also. If this alleged copycat had read the newspaper transcripts of the Blue Rock Springs Park phone call, he certainly didn't take the time to read the multiple references in the newspapers to Benicia, when referring to the first crime on the car door. It could be argued that he studied the Zodiac letters intently and knew the tendencies of the Zodiac Killer, or we could opt for the more likely reasoning, that he was the Zodiac Killer.
Much debate has occurred on whether the man spotted by the three girls at Lake Berryessa was the assailant of Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard, with comparisons made of this man to the Presidio Heights sketch. Many have stated the two artist impressions are dissimilar in appearance, yet with a quick hair change and slight alteration to the eyebrows, the difference is much less significant between the two. Eyewitness recollections are also proven to be notoriously unreliable. These hair changes have been made to the Lake Berryessa sketch below, without altering any of the facial features.  
           

The executioners costume at Lake Berryessa is often used to discredit this as a Zodiac crime. It is claimed it wasn't his modus operandi. In this instance what MO?  We only have two confirmed attacks by the Zodiac Killer as of September 27th 1969, one of which we have no idea what he was wearing, and both committed in virtual darkness. So, in terms of clothing we would actually be deducing that Lake Berryessa wasn't the Zodiac Killer, because he didn't wear the costume at Blue Rock Springs Park. Not a really convincing argument. When the scientific community needs to draw any conclusions from trials, or politicians from polls, the larger the sample the better. Drawing conclusions from a pool of one or two crimes is utterly meaningless, and falls into the category of subjective opinion.
In an ABC Primetime documentary the narration was as follows "However if Doctor Cydne Holt can find enough genetic material from Zodiac's stamps and letters, she can compare it to a wafer thin slice of brain tissue from Arthur Leigh Allen's autopsy." Dr Cydne Holt "This brain tissue from Arthur Leigh Allen is the reference sample that I would use for the comparison."  Narrator "Dr Holt has already detected the possible presence of Zodiac's DNA in the seal of the envelope that contained the greeting card (Dripping Pen Card and 340 cipher), and just in case that test fails to provide a full DNA profile, she also prepares to look for DNA beneath the stamps on two of these three letters (July 31st letters)." Dr Cydne Holt "Depending on whether those DNA's match each other, might allow me to include or exclude Arthur Leigh Allen as potentially contributing the DNA on the Zodiac letters." 
She was able to exclude Arthur Leigh Allen as the contributor, indicating a positive match was found between the letters. So if we maintain that the 'Dripping Pen' card and August 31st letters were mailed by Zodiac, and he claimed September as his crime, it lends credence to the Lake Berryessa crime being committed by Zodiac.
The Zodiac Killer probably believed that by writing on the car door and making the telephone call would be enough for people to conclude he was the killer. This however has not proved to be the case. He probably believed that mailing a section of Paul Stine's blooded shirt would be proof enough. This however has also failed in certain quarters. The details only known to him and the police at Lake Herman Road and Blue Rock Springs Park he thought would be enough, but it wasn't. The reality, is that for some people, there is nothing he could have done to prove he was the killer.
If it is claimed that this crime was totally different in MO to the first two crimes and therefore not the Zodiac Killer, then the copycat was not doing a particularly good job. A copycat attempts to replicate the crimes of a known killer. Therefore we could conclude that by failing to stick to the known MO, it was likely the Zodiac Killer after all. But the fact remains, that not one piece of tangible evidence points to a copycat killer, only the idea that such a man exists. ​ 

http://www.zodiacciphers.com/zodiac-news/was-the-lake-berryessa-sketch-the-zodiac-killer
http://www.zodiacciphers.com/zodiac-news/lake-berryessa-killer-and-caller-the-same 

THE CREATION OF A ZODIAC SUSPECT

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PictureBetsy Aardsma
#1. Cheri Jo Bates (18) murdered in Riverside, California on October 30th 1966 is thought by many to be a Zodiac victim. The 'Confession' letter was discovered on November 29th 1966, but may likely have been delivered the previous day. Betsy Aardsma (22) was murdered three years later on November 28th 1969 between the stacks in the library of Pennsylvania State University. Both attractive, intelligent college students attacked with a knife, one inside a library and one adjacent to a library. 
#2. Found by a janitor in December 1966, 
written inside a foldable desk at the Riverside City College Library was a foreboding poem, part of which read "blood spurting, dripping, spilling all over her new red dress. Just wait till next time. rh". Was next time three years later. Betsy Aardsma was wearing a red dress on the day she was killed, that temporarily disguised the severity of her injury. Was this poem a dormant fantasy by the killer that he later enacted. 

PictureCheri Jo Bates
#3. Richard Haefner, an assistant professor, was a major suspect in the murder of Betsy Aardsmaa, who allegedly briefly dated her. His initials match the desktop poem. 
#4. Reviled by many, Richard Haefner had anger issues. Excerpt from the Lancaster online: 'Haefner told investigators he'd found out about her death the evening of Nov. 29, a day after she was stabbed. But in fact, Skucek asserted, Haefner knew of the crime shortly after it was committed. He'd shown up at the home of a professor just hours after Aardsma was killed, asking, "Have you seen the papers?" The stabbing had not yet been reported in the local newspapers. But Haefner knew about it and "expressed concern about what had happened to this young lady," the professor told Skucek.' 

#5. Richard Haefner traveled the country in pursuit of his chosen profession geology, writing many articles, such as 'Geology of the Shoshone Volcanics, Death Valley Region, Eastern California'.  Sections of the article: 'The sequence of zones between tuff deposits is interpreted as a single rhyolite lava flow.' (Fig. 2; Haefner, 1969). ''Emplacement and cooling history of a rhyolite lava flow and related tuff at Deudman Pass, near Death Valley, California [M.S. thesis]: University Park, Pennsylvania State Univ'. (Haefner, Richard, 1969)
Death Valley is situated just over 200 miles north of Riverside. Richard Haefner was born in 1943 and would have been 23 years of age in 1966.
​#6. WikipediaThe Sonoma Volcanics are a geologic formation of volcanic origin that is widespread in Napa and Sonoma counties, California, with the presence of rhyolite tuffs, described in Death Valley. Had Richard Haefner visited Sanoma County too.
PictureThis topic on Zodiac Killer Site forum
#7. The sketch of the suspect in the Betsy Aarsma murder had a distinct resemblance to Richard Haefner, particularly the wavy hair.
#8. 
A highly controversial letter was mailed in 1978, alleging it was from the Zodiac. It began with the words ' This is the Zodiac speaking.  I am back with you'. On November 28th 1994, exactly 25 years after Betsy Aardsma's murder an employee of the library found a candle had been lit and placed in the location of the murder. A message written on the floor using a marker pen said 'RIP Betsy Aardsma, born July 11th 1947, died November 28th 1969. I'm back'. Also a postcard had been mailed to police sometime in the 1970's with the wording 'You never did catch the guy who killed that **** in the library '. 

#9. The Lake Berryessa, Napa region we know is volcanic rich. But did Richard Haefner ever travel to this region. After the attack on Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard on September 27th 1969, a sketch of a suspicious character was generated from the testimony of three women in the preceding hours to the crime. The possible suspect drawing in the Betsy Aarsma case has closed eyes, so in the following comparison I have added the eyes from the Berryessa sketch to compare the likeness. 
#10. Betsy Aardsma had been attacked in the campus library between 4.30 pm and 4.45 pm, with one single, but fatal knife wound to the heart, believed to be from a hunting knife 3-4 inches in length. Cheri Jo Bates was killed with a knife that measured approximately ½ inch wide and 3 ½ inches long.
#11. The Zodiac referred to radians in his correspondence and included a map of San Francisco and Vicinity. Richard Haefner used mapping in geology and was familiar with detailed measurement.  Wikipedia: "
The gradian is a unit of measurement of an angle, equivalent to 1/400 of a turn, 9/10 of a degree... only adopted in some countries and for specialized areas such as surveying, mining and geology. ... In the 1970's and 1980's most scientific calculators offered the grad as well as radians and degrees for their trigonometric functions."
#12. The November 8th and November 9th 1969 Zodiac communications claimed 7 victims. The Melvin Belli letter on December 20th 1969 sought a ninth and possibly tenth victim. Therefore by deduction his eighth victim must have been killed somewhere between the two dates. Betsy Aardsma was murdered exactly bisecting these two dates, on November 28th 1969. The Fairfield letter mailed on December 16th 1969 depicted the 'Bleeding Knife of Zodiac'.  Eight drops of blood are visible dripping from the knife.  

​It is fairly easy to compile and manufacture links to an individual, and present only loose circumstantial 'evidence'. This took a few minutes, but with more time could be easily be expanded to #20+. Richard Haefner was almost certainly not the Zodiac Killer.

UP TO THE END OF OCTOBER

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PictureClick image for complete text
On the 'Dripping Pen Card' mailed on November 8th 1969 the Zodiac left us his running victim count, but this time he provided us several pointers by displaying the months. He wrote "Des, July, Aug, Sept, Oct = 7."  We know of Lake Herman Road (2) in December, Blue Rock Springs Park (1) in July, Lake Berryessa (1) in September and Presidio Heights (1) in October. That is five murders out of the seven he was claiming. That meant he was indicating either two murders in August, or just one in August and another in either of the other months. One consideration was the murder of Cheri Jo Bates on October 30th 1966, that he would belatedly claim in a future correspondence. However his statement in the November 9th 'Bus Bomb' letter is telling: "This is the Zodiac speaking up to the end of Oct I have killed 7 people." This likely meant "This is the Zodiac speaking up to the end of Oct 31st 1969 I have killed 7 people. This doesn't necessarily rule out the Cheri Jo Bates murder, however without proof this is a Zodiac murder, or a murder under the umbrella of Zodiac, it is a curious statement.
Why did the Zodiac Killer specify the end of October, when his most recent murder by all accounts was the brutal slaying of Paul Stine on October 11th 1969. This could be interpreted as a sixth murder in August, and a seventh murder between October 11th 1969 and October 31st 1969. He would expand in his correspondence "I thought you would need a good laugh before you hear the bad news, you won't get the news for a while yet."  In view of his 'Bus Bomb' letter declaration that he would "change the way the collecting of slaves. I shall no longer announce to anyone. When I committ my murders, they shall look like routine robberies, killings of anger, + a few fake accidents, etc," this seventh murder may have been committed in the latter two thirds of October, detailed in the total, but not elaborated upon, and the suggestion that we wouldn't get the bad news for a while was somehow related to how or where the person was killed.     

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There is however a completely different alternative, bringing into play the Melvin Belli letter on December 20th 1969. This correspondence stated Zodiac was in danger of looking for a ninth and tenth victim. The assumption therefore, was that victim number eight was probably killed sometime between the 'Dripping Pen' card on November 8th 1969 (or possibly November 9th), claiming seven victims and the Melvin Belli letter mailed on December 20th 1969. But again, taking the latter 'Bus Bomb' communication, Zodiac had claimed seven victims to end of October, not up to November 9th 1969. He did state seven victims on the 'Dripping Pen' card, but he added the extra hint that "you won't get the bad news for a while yet."
This may suggest that indeed, he had already killed again, prior to November 8th, but he simply wasn't announcing it to anybody, as the following communication would testify. We know that by the end of October (31st) the total was seven, therefore this unannounced eighth murder would had to have been committed from November 1st 1969 up to November 9th 1969. 
A contested piece of correspondence was the 'Fairfield' letter on December 16th 1969, claiming "I will go for government life." The accompanying drawing depicted the 'Bleeding Knife of Zodiac,' with eight drops of blood dripping from the weapon, suggestive of an eighth victim. Was this indicative of another Zodiac murder by knife, having been bolstered by his 'successful' attack, in theatric style, on Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard on September 27th 1969 at Lake Berryessa. Or was the knife just a reminder to his last crime we know he committed. If this correspondence was genuine, the term 'government life', may indicate any person in any state run organization, and a distinct hatred towards officialdom, which is unsurprising bearing in mind previous communications.
The question being, can anybody find the eighth murder spanning November 1st 1969 to November 9th 1969, in a relevant geographical location, that doesn't have the hallmarks of Zodiac. After all, he did state he would "change the way of collecting the slaves".  If this were the case, we simply wouldn't recognize it anyway.  

# A Salesian High School teacher, Daniel Williams had his house broken into, but nothing was taken. A man claiming to be the Zodiac Killer made several threatening phone calls beginning on October 23rd 1969, culminating with the caller saying "You're the dead duck" on November 2nd 1969. Later that day Williams took a drink from the refrigerator, but fortunately spat it out after noticing a metallic taste. The drink contained enough arsenic to kill. Would a teacher be considered 'government life'. The date fits the criteria and the death could have appeared like natural causes, or a killing of anger.
Daniel Williams residence was situated at 1234 Bush Street, Martinez, only 9 miles from the location of Zodiac's first crime at Lake Herman Road.
http://www.zodiacciphers.com/zodiac-news/youre-the-dead-duck

STAIRWAY TO HELL

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It is not exceptional for hatred and murder to be driven by religion, but could the Zodiac Killer have been driven by such a force, bearing in mind his yearning for paradise and the promise of an afterlife. Many things point in this direction, however on this occasion we will concentrate primarily on the '13 symbol' cipher to hopefully garner the evidence we require. Below is the 13 symbol cipher, highlighting the features to be examined.  
#1. 'The Celtic cross is a form of Christian cross featuring a nimbus or ring that emerged in Ireland and Britain in the Early Middle Ages. A type of ringed cross, it became widespread through its use in the stone high crosses erected across the islands, especially in regions evangelized by Irish missionaries, from the 9th through the 12th centuries.' Taken from Wikipedia.
​#2. 
The number 8 in Christianity represents rebirth, a new beginning, when man is ultimately resurrected from death into eternal life. A fascination Zodiac appeared to harbor with his desire for the afterlife.

#3. The number 8, by design, represents infinity, the everlasting.
​#4. It has been speculated that the three eights may possibly be three Taurus symbols, in view of what vaguely looks like an upside down Aries symbol to their right, but this may be misleading, in view of the general consensus they are in fact three eights.
#5. The crude looking symbol may actually be an anchor. 'Christians adopted the anchor as a symbol of hope in future existence because the anchor was regarded in ancient times as a symbol of safety. For Christians, Christ is the unfailing hope of all who believe in him.' Taken from Wikipedia.  Again, referencing a future existence or afterlife.  
PictureA version of the Anglican coat of arms
#6. In Zodiac's following '32 symbol' cipher he uses the 'anchor' sign again, and introduces the omega sign.
'Alpha (Α) and omega (Ω) are the first and last letters, respectively, of the classical (Ionic) Greek alphabet. Thus, twice when the phrase "I am the alpha and the omega" appears it is further clarified with the additional phrase, "the beginning and the end" (Revelation 21:6, 22:13). The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet were used because the book of Revelation is in the New Testament, which was originally written in Greek. This phrase is interpreted by many Christians to mean that Jesus has existed for all eternity or that God is eternal'. Taken from Wikipedia.
#7. The number 888 represents Jesus or Christ the Redeemer in Christian numerology. See here
#8 And finally number eight, which has been covered before.
The Zodiac was the ultimate egotist, but did he sign off the '340' cipher by introducing Jesus Christ once more, generated directly from his own pseudonym, before transferring it from the '340' cipher to  '13 symbol' cipher. 
It is quite remarkable that the '340' cipher has withstood almost 50 years of the best modern technology we can throw at it, unless it is simply undecipherable. Here we shall focus on just eight characters ironically. All on the last line, as a form of signature. These eight characters at the foot of the '340' cipher are in essence all transferred to his next cipher, as though he was linking the two ciphers together. 


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The Zodiac Killer was driven by self publicity and a huge ego, so what better way to drop us a hint by placing his pseudonym, and signing off on the final line of the '340' cipher. You will notice he places the Zodiac crosshair symbol, followed by what could be interpreted as Zodiac and then the 'anchor' symbol, with a line on the top and a dot to the left. What we shall do is place the correct spelling of Zodiac alongside this version he placed on the 20th line of the '340' cipher and calculate the alphabetical difference numerically between the columns.
ZOD produces three zero's, the IAC produces 888. These two incorporated together gives us the three circled 8's found on his next cipher, as though he was carrying them forward. It is also apparent on the 13 Symbol Cipher, that either side of the three circled 8's are the Zodiac crosshair and 'anchor' symbol, both of which can be seen on the final line of the 340 Cipher effectively in the same position. So the author, in essence, carried eight characters from one cipher to another. Finally, the '408' cipher was separated into three communications of eight lines, with the letters K and M featuring exclusively at the end of each communication. The exact letters encircled by the eights on the '13 symbol' cipher.  
All of the above is subjective and does not necessarily indicate the Zodiac Killer was inspired by a warped religious calling. It is simply a matter of faith.

THE MYSTERIOUS ENCOUNTER ON LAKE HERMAN RD

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PictureBetty Lou Jensen (16)
In a recent article from the Vallejo Times-Herald, a native Vallejoan, Lorraine Osuna DeGroat, who knew Betty Lou Jensen from school, described her encounter with a man on Lake Herman Road, she believed could have been the infamous Zodiac Killer. Sometime in March or April of 1969 according to DeGroat, a few months shy of the Blue Rock Springs Park attack (but more likely subsequent to 09/27/69), approximately two miles into Lake Herman Road, she recalled this "a man wearing a big, bulky trench coat or army jacket that reached to his knees, and he’s in the middle of the road, waving his arms, trying to get us to stop. She describes the man as in his middle 30's to early 40's, with blondish, short-cropped hair and horn-rimmed glasses. His pants were dark, and his shoes may also have been dark army boots." http://www.timesheraldonline.com/general-news/20170710/vallejo.
​He apparently claimed he was out looking for his girlfriend, but they drove off in haste. 
The description of the man is reminiscent of the details given by Donald Fouke as he patrolled in Jackson Street, Presidio Heights on October 11th 1969, although how much significance can be attributed to this latest news article and recollection is debatable.
It is not unreasonable to consider the possibility Zodiac cruised the lonely stretch of Lake Herman Road and the Blue Rock Springs Park area, before and after December 20th 1968, and subsequent to July 4th 1969. One widely held belief, is he was likely native to the area of Vallejo, Benicia or American Canyon, and had intimate knowledge of the area, specifically regarding areas frequented by courting couples. This tactic of trying to flag down a vehicle, bringing it to a halt on Lake Herman Road, is similar to a story in the Benicia Herald, where the nephew of Stella Medeiros, Albert Losado, stated that in the fall of 1969 he and his brother were prevented from traveling along Lake Herman Road near gate 10 by a log stretched across the road. The brothers minutes earlier had traveled the opposite way unhindered, from which they suspected a sinister motive. In his words "That’s why we didn’t get out of the car.” They backed up and got out of the area. It is possible this was an intentional act by a third party, and if the Zodiac Killer, a deviation in tactics. However both of the above stories may have perfectly innocent explanations.    

PictureOfficer Pierre Bidou
One curious statement in the Vallejo Times-Herald article reminded me of Pierre Bidou. It stated "She was found in a runaway position, as if she’d been running, and was shot in the back multiple times,” said DeGroat, a retired forensic psych nurse at the Napa State Hospital. “He was found still in the car.”
It is fairly unanimous in Zodiac circles that David Faraday was discovered by responding police lying perpendicular to the right rear wheel of the Rambler. That is, until you watch two Zodiac Killer videos and read an excerpt from the above Benicia Herald. It reports "On a dark turnout along the side of the road, the officers, wearing heavy winter coats, followed the path of their flashlights and their unmarked police car’s headlight. They found the body of a girl face-down on the ground between a bank slope and a parked Rambler station wagon pointing east toward Vallejo. “It was obvious she was trying to run,” Bidou said of the girl, who had five entry wounds in a tight grouping to her right upper back. Inside the car, the officers found a boy in the passenger’s seat who appeared as if “he was trying to get out” of the car. Bidou remembers seeing the shattered glass of the car window, pierced by a bullet. More poignantly, he also remembers that the boy was still breathing."
The article clearly suggests that David Faraday was in the passenger seat, as though he was half way out when he was shot.
This is backed up on three other occasions, starting twice in a 2010 interview with Aphrodite Jones, an American author, reporter, and television producer.
 At 11:17 and 11:45 into the video Bidou states "The young man was still in the car" and "you see the male in the car still breathing." Then in the 'Richard Gaikowski-The Case of the Zodiac Killer' video at 13.25 he states "The male was still halfway in the vehicle and he was showing signs of breathing." 

The two statements "found a boy in the passenger’s seat who appeared as if he was trying to get out of the car," and "the male was still halfway in the vehicle and he was showing signs of breathing," are definitely comparable.
This is the actual statement taken from Stella Medeiros in the police report of the day: "When she arrived at the scene, headlights picked up the car (Rambler) and she observed a boy and he looked like he had fallen out of the open door. The girl was lying on her side facing the road." 
The question is, how do you interpret "he looked like he had fallen out of the open door." Had he fallen 'halfway out', and was still 'halfway in' as Pierre Bidou stated several times. In responding officer Daniel Pitta's police statement it recalled "A white male (Victim #2) was lying to the southside of a 1960 Rambler 4-door station wagon. Victim #2 was lying face up with a large amount of blood at the base of his skull." If  we take all the above statements and recollections as true, then the only logical conclusion to draw would be David Faraday was discovered slumped in the passenger side of the Rambler and subsequently laid out on the turnout floor for medical intervention by the initial responders to the scene, before Daniel Pitta arrived. But this would throw doubt on the perceived timeline of several officers that night. It would certainly negate the chalk outline of having any consequence in the murder of David Faraday on December 20th 1968. On the other hand, it may be the case that Pierre Bidou was just mistaken four times. 

THE BLOODED TAXICAB FINGERPRINTS

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Here we will take a closer look at the blooded fingerprints left on the Paul Stine taxicab in Presidio Heights on October 11th 1969, and see if they can reveal anything about the unfolding events that night. In total thirty latent fingerprints, three palm prints and one partial of value were retrieved from the taxicab. The latent prints that exhibited traces of blood were believed to have been deposited by the killer. The two key areas where blooded fingerprints were retrieved, were the exterior front passenger side door handle, and the dividing panel between the driver side door and the left rear passenger door, just above half way. The FBI report only stated that the murderer was the likely donor of both blooded latent prints, probably because they likely contained different digit impressions, or one was lacking detail. There is very good reason to believe both impressions were from the killer, which we will explain later. In the photographs on various sites these two prints are circled with a red pen.
PictureBlooded fingerprints on divider
There is a possible explanation for the blooded prints shown on the left image, regarding a Washington and Maple murder, but here we shall stick with the widely held belief that the killing took place close to the intersection of Washington and Cherry.
The placement of the blooded print discovered on the front exterior passenger door handle effectively negates the premise of a passenger who rode in the front seat of Paul Stine's taxicab. Had this been the case, after removing the piece of shirt and exiting the front passenger side door, there would be no need to shut the door using the exterior door handle, but there would be every reason to wipe it down, as observed by the three teenagers. This is because the natural way to open the front passenger door after exiting the right rear of the taxicab would be to use your right hand. When opening a right-sided door it is more natural to use your right hand. Standing by a right-sided door and using your left hand would bring the door into your midriff. When the killer shot Paul Stine he likely received a fine mist of back spatter to his right hand. If he then exits the right rear passenger door with the gun still in his hand, or while putting it away, he would use his left hand to open it and close it, which is why no blooded prints were found on the right rear inner passenger door handle, or the exterior of the right rear passenger door. The Zodiac Killer was described by the three teenagers wiping down the front passenger door. It is likely he didn't thoroughly remove the blooded fingerprints, evident by their discovery.  

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The Robbins teenagers gave a more detailed account of the night's events in a later interview, one partially corroborated by Armond Pelissetti, who discovered the teenagers out in the street. They stated a crucial fact, that fits the evidence and it makes perfect sense: "At this time, Lindsey went downstairs to get a better look at what was happening, while one of the kids upstairs called the police. Downstairs, the lights were off, so Lindsey knew he could not be seen from the outside. He got close to the window and watched his actions. He was shortly joined by Rebecca. They both watched and observed in silence as Zodiac pushed the driver to an upright position behind the steering wheel, exited the car and walked around the rear of the car and opened the driver's door. Stine had fallen over onto the seat and Zodiac pulled him back up into the seated position and had some difficulty keeping him upright. Once upright, he was seen to have a rag, or something like a handkerchief and began to wipe down the door area and leaning over the driver, part of the dashboard. When he was finished, Zodiac calmly walked to Cherry St. and walked north."
If the Zodiac Killer had entered the taxicab at the theater district, shot Paul Stine at the intersection of Washington and Cherry, exited the right rear passenger door and entered the front passenger door. Had he then took the shirt piece, exited the taxicab and proceeded around to the exterior driver side door to wipe it down, presumably with his dominant right hand (or not), then left the scene, why should he have ever touched the panel between the driver side door and left rear passenger door with his blooded hands. This was the version in the police report, and simply doesn't explain why blooded prints were discovered on this dividing panel.
But the more expansive version given by the Robbins kids explains this anomaly perfectly. 
 

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The teenagers stated that the killer twice attempted to reposition Paul Stine upright behind the steering wheel. The most logical reason for this, could be argued, that the killer unaware he had been observed by the teenagers, was buying time for his escape on foot. A taxicab driver sitting behind the steering wheel of his vehicle in fairly dim conditions at 10.00 pm at night, was unlikely to attract the attention of the casual pedestrian or passing motorist, with a fleeting glance, but a prostrate driver sprawled across the taxicab seat may have drawn attention to the crime, and resultant contacting of police. In the absence of many alternatives for this action, it may seem the most logical.
​The teenagers clearly stated, that after he rounded the taxicab, he opened the driver side door, likely using his left hand (for reasons given above). But to pull Paul Stine back into an upright position he needs stability and leverage. This would be attained by bracing your right hand on the dividing panel between the driver side and rear door, to pull Paul Stine upright using your left hand. Once finished, the Zodiac Killer closed the driver side door and wiped the door handle. This handle may very well have received blood transfer from the killer's left hand when he initially opened it, after all he likely used it when tearing the shirt. Nevertheless, he either wiped it down thoroughly before he left the scene, or enough so that blooded fingerprints, if deposited, were not present. However he made a crucial mistake. By concentrating on the door handles, he overlooked the blooded fingerprints deposited by his right hand on the dividing panel. This was detailed in the Robert Graysmith book Zodiac: "At one point he opened up the driver's door and leaned forward to wipe off the area of the dashboard again. To steady himself, he leaned his right hand on the rail separating the front and rear windows. The fragment of cloth was still in his left hand. Then he closed the door and walked away". He exited up Cherry Street and into the night. Paul Stine's body at some point, aided by the camber of the road, fell back across the front passenger seat with his head coming to rest in the front passenger floorboard, where Armond Pelissetti would ultimately discover the stricken taxicab driver.  
      

THE 'ZODIAC' 263 CHARACTER CIPHERS

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Two letters were mailed from Stamford, Connecticut. One on April 13th 1988, followed by another on April 21st 1988. A cryptogram was contained in each,  believed to be from the same author. The first letter contained six pages in total, laden with text. The date of April 13th 1988 is the seventeen year anniversary of the disappearance of Denise Kathleen Anderson (22), from Sacramento, California, who may have been the subject of a possible Zodiac correspondence, the 'Monticello' card, mailed on July 13th 1971. http://www.zodiacciphers.com/zodiac-news/in-the-woods-dies-april. Page three of the first 1988 letter began with the wording "Eat pepper-mint and puff it in your face". Page five began with "You the other night"  Here is a section from the  Mikado Act One Part 5a  'As Some Day it May Happen', performed by Ko-Ko: "And the people who eat peppermint and puff it in your face. They never would be missed — they never would be missed". The two pages that contained cryptograms used familiar Zodiac characters, 54 in total. Both cryptograms contained 13 characters per row, however one didn't form a complete rectangle, the last line consisting of only three characters.
94 CHARACTER CIPHER: (REDACTED) MUST DIE FOR HER FIFTY MEGAHERTZ SCREECH AND HER FLIRTATIOUSNESS. SHE IS SO IMPOSSIBLY SHALLOW AND STUCK UP. 
Assuming the redacted section is a name, the deciphered text is reminiscent of the 'Confession' letter and 'Bates Had to Die' letters, mailed after the murder of Cheri Jo Bates in Riverside on October 30th 1966. This cipher has the three character line.
It contains 89 visible characters. Seven rows of 13 characters = 91. Adding the 3 characters over = 94. Therefore the redacted text it would seem, should contain 5 letters, although 'megahertz screech' is written as 'megahertscreech' by the author, to allow the redacted name to become 6 letters in length. The redacted name is SHAUNA. (see forum thread below).
169 CHARACTER CIPHER: (REDACTED) IF YOU WISH TO KNOW MY IDENTITY, YOU WILL HAVE TO PUT SOME EFFORT INTO IT, NOT FIDDLE AND FART AROUND. HERE IS A CLUE AS MISSUS (REDACTED) IF SHE REMEMBERS WHO DRAWS THE SYMBOL. THEN YOU WILL HAVE ME. GOOD LUCK. 
This cipher draws from much of the known Zodiac correspondence, and has no incomplete lines. 
It contains 154 visible characters. Thirteen rows of 13 characters = 169. Therefore the redacted text should be 15 letters in total.
However, the author again makes errors in the cipher composition and the redacted text is only 12 letters. The redacted text is SHAUNA and TAYLOR (see forum thread below). 
We have a 263 character cipher in total (20 rows of 13 characters, and three over), from either Zodiac or a hoaxer.
The author began with Dear (redacted). "This is the Zodiac Speaking". One sheet of paper was the brand 'Conqueror' from the Sloan Paper Company, Doraville, Georgia. Four sheets of paper bore the watermark of Sheaffer Eaton, Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The remaining sheet contained no watermark.  
http://www.zodiacciphers.com/uploads/4/9/7/1/4971630/zodiac5  Page 5 onwards. 
Cryptogram images below courtesy of Zodiac Killer Site Forum.
​To view the six pages of text and the forum thread visit ​http://zodiackillersite.com/viewtopic.php?f=78&t=2326

RAYMOND GRANT-THE WHITE CHEVROLET IMPALA

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Although we disagree on the mechanics of the crime, Raymond Grant does raise some interesting issues regarding the Lake Herman Road timeline and discrepancies in certain eyewitness testimony, particularly that of Robert Connelly and Helen Axe.
With just a cursory glance at the police report, it becomes immediately apparent that if we take it at face value, either the eyewitness recollections are incorrect, or a strange sequence of events occurred that night, heaping more suspicion onto the white Chevrolet Impala than ever before. Raymond Grant has emphasized these points in his book 'Zodiac Killer Solved,' and whether you agree or disagree with his overall take on the Zodiac murders, he does make some incredibly insightful and valuable points. Firstly we will focus on the white Chevrolet Impala and take the initial eyewitness testimony at face value.
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This is what Robert Connelly stated in the police report "They said that when they arrived there (LHR turnout) at 9.00 pm a white 4-door hardtop, a '59 or '60 Impala, was parked there, and also, a truck coming out of the gate. This coincides with information from Bingo Wesner that when he came out of the gate he saw the same Impala and also saw the red pick-up truck go by."
Bingo Wesner, a local sheepherder, also stated in the police report "he was checking his sheep at approximately 10.00 pm and he observed a white Chevrolet Impala Sedan parked by the south fence of the entrance to the pumping station. He also observed a red Ford pick-up truck with wood side boards in the area."
Instantly we see, that despite the police report stating these two coincide, there is a one hour discrepancy. Raymond Grant believes that Robert Connelly's estimate of 9.00 pm is out by one hour, it should be 10.00 pm, and the facts bear this out. 
If the white Chevrolet Impala had parked in the turnout just prior to 9.00 pm, and had remained there throughout until 10.00 pm, then the account of William Crow is patently false. He stated in the police report that "He and his girlfriend were in the Lake Herman Road area between 9.30 pm and 10.00 pm on 12/20/68He was driving his girlfriend's sports car and he was testing it out and adjusting the motor. He was parked in the open area by the pump station and he observed a blue car, possibly a Valiant coming down the road from Benicia towards Vallejo. They passed his location, stopped in the middle of the road and he saw the white lights of the reverse come on and the car started backing up towards them. Mr Crow put the car in gear and took off at a high rate of speed and the car followed him at a high rate of speed. They did not attempt to gain on him, but when they got to the turn off towards Benicia, William Crow turned towards Benicia and the other car went straight ahead. The subjects were both Caucasians and there is no further identification on the car or the subjects." If the white Chevrolet Impala was there, then clearly William Crow based on this account failed to notice it for upwards of 30 minutes, and considering he was parked in the turnout, that doesn't seem likely.   

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However, William Crow would later dispute this statement to police "I never told the sheriff who interviewed me that the car I encountered was a Valiant. As I recall, as I was attempting to describe the car, the sheriff came up with a “Valiant”. In the years that have passed, when I have shared the events of that night, I have described the car as a four-door light-colored Chevy. I could not see the passenger seat, but the driver was a man with short hair and glasses. I did not see his specific facial features".
This being the case, it highlights the significance of a white Chevrolet Impala circulating the area in and around the turnout that night. If Robert Connelly's recollection of a white Chevrolet Impala being present in the turnout at 9.00 pm was correct, which appears unlikely, then the Chevrolet Impala would have parked in the turnout sometime prior to 9.00 pm, leaving at some point before William Crow arrived at 9.30 pm. It would then return, spot William Crow and his girlfriend just before 10.00 pm, chase them down the road, before returning to the turnout and being spotted by Bingo Wesner at 10.00 pm. But on both occasions, just prior to 9.00 pm and 10.00 pm, the occupants of the white Chevrolet Impala would had to have vacated their vehicle, because Robert Connelly and Bingo Wesner implicitly stated the vehicle was unoccupied.  
If the Chevrolet Impala contained our killer or killers, then it could be argued they were coasting the area by foot and by car, searching for victims by whatever means. Raymond Grant highlights this important period of time in 'Zodiac Killer Solved', involving a 'holding area'. I won't elaborate on his explanation, as it wouldn't be fair to reveal potent sections of his book without permission. If he chooses, he can outline his ideas in the comments section below. However it does address this critical timeline of events.
This above example of the timeline appears extremely convoluted, and the police report "information from Bingo Wesner that when he came out of the gate at 10.00 pm he saw the same Impala and also saw the red pick-up truck go by,"  makes much more sense, bearing in mind William Crow's testimony of a light colored Chevrolet chasing him down the road just before 10.00 pm. The three recollections coalesce around 10.00 pm that night. This critical period would suggest that the occupants of the white Chevrolet Impala spot William Crow, chase him along the road, return to the turnout and vacate their vehicle just prior to 10.00 pm. At which point Robert Connelly and Bingo Wesner spot each other and the unoccupied Chevrolet. ​  

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Raymond Grant also questions the account of Helen Axe at 10.15 pm and 10.30 pm. Her account is detailed in the police report: "Miss Axe reports that she and her boyfriend, a sailor, were driving on Lake Herman Road. They passed the area of the pumping station, she recognized the Rambler and the victims, Betty Lou Jensen and David Faraday. Stated that when she went by about 10.15 pm, the car was facing in towards the gate and when she returned about 15 minutes later after having gone to the end of the road and then came back, the car was turned around and the front was facing the field, a little to the side. There is some conflict in this statement and Miss Axe has consented to bring her boyfriend to the office to clarify the actual position of the car. The first time she stated when she called, that the car was backed in. Nothing this discrepancy the RO contacted her by telephone."
Her account raises questions. For her account to be correct, the white Chevrolet Impala driver would had to have returned to the turnout just prior to 10.00 pm, after chasing William Crow, the occupants would then have to vacate their vehicle so that Robert Connelly and Bingo Wesner saw it unoccupied. They would then had to have returned to their vehicle minutes later, driven away, without passing Helen Axe's vehicle, to be replaced in the turnout by the Faraday Rambler by 10.15 pm. 
Raymond Grant, understandably takes the position that Helen Axe likely saw the white Chevrolet Impala, not the Faraday Rambler. It returned to the turnout just shy of 10.00 pm, the occupants vacated the vehicle, and according to Bingo Wesner was 'parked by the south fence of the entrance to the pumping station'. A short time later, circa 10.15 pm, Helen Axe passed the turnout and viewed the Chevrolet Impala in the same position as viewed by Bingo Wesner, also 'facing in towards the gate.' Unless of course we contend that the Faraday Rambler arrived just before 10.15 pm and parked in the identical position as the Chevrolet Impala previously, as viewed by Bingo Wesner.
Fifteen minutes later, at approximately 10.30 pm, Helen Axe had returned up Lake Herman Road, by which time the occupants had returned to the Chevrolet Impala and repositioned it facing the road. It is a plausible line of investigation and is merited by the details of the case. The scenario presented by Raymond Grant would indicate that the white Chevrolet Impala had a much more pivotal role in the proceedings on December 20th 1968 than first imagined, and place this vehicle in the turnout much closer to the murders than ever before. The question is, how long did it remain in the area.
This presentation just scratches the surface of Raymond Grant's Lake Herman Road timeline, and I have attempted to skirt around the issues presented in 'Zodiac Killer Solved', without giving too much away. To read the full story...

ZODIAC KILLER SOLVED ON AMAZON​          

A WHITE CHEVROLET IMPALA AT BLUE ROCK SPRINGS?

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The white Chevrolet Impala spotted at Lake Herman Road has been considered a prime candidate for involvement in the murders of David Faraday and Betty Lou Jensen on December 20th 1968. But what are the chances that this vehicle was the one that pulled into the parking lot on two occasions at Blue Rock Springs Park on July 4th 1969 and was instrumental in the attack on Michael Mageau and Darlene Ferrin. Frank Gasser (69) and Robert Connelly (27), along with Bingo Wesner, were in agreement that they spotted a white Chevrolet Impala parked in the turnout circa 10.00 pm at Lake Herman Road. These were older gentlemen who clearly knew the vehicle they had observed, as it was corroborated, whereas Michael Mageau (19) was altogether vague, on not only the assailant's description, but was indecisive on the vehicle he observed that night. He evidently was not an avid car enthusiast. Factor in the traumatic night's events and it is not surprising his recollection of details are sketchy at best.
Michael Mageau stated 
"Dea turned the lights and motor off and had the radio playing. They were there just a very short time, a few minutes, and three cars pulled into the parking lot where they were. They were apparently young kids and they heard some laughing and carrying on and a few firecrackers were set off, then the three vehicles left within a short time. This was just a short space of time, a few minutes. Shortly after this and about 5 minutes before the shooting occurred, a vehicle pulled into the lot, coming from the direction of Springs Road and Vallejo. The driver turned the lights off on the car and pulled around to the left or east side of their car, approximately 6 or 8 feet away and sat there for a minute. He asked Dea if she knew who it was and she stated 'Oh, never mind'. "  He added "He could not see the car too clearly, however the shape of the car looked similar to the car that Dea owns, a Corvair. He could not see the color or anything as it was too dark out there".   
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The vehicle was only 6-8 feet away but he couldn't make out the "color or anything", but it looked similar to Darlene Ferrin's Corvair. It seems he didn't really know and may have just been trying to please the police by giving them something, rather than nothing.
The next statement he gave puts it into context "The car then drove off at a fairly fast rate of speed. Five minutes later the vehicle pulled up approximately 10 feet behind and to the right side of Dea's car. The vehicle's lights were left on and the subject got out and walked toward the car. He had a large high-powered flashlight, the kind you carry with a handle." The assailant's vehicle was directly behind, facing the Corvair, in an extremely dark parking lot, and Michael Mageau had both the headlights from the other vehicle and a high-powered flashlight in his eyes. There is absolutely no way he could determine with confidence what vehicle was parked behind them. If he couldn't determine the "color or anything" of the vehicle parked 6-8 feet to the left 5 minutes earlier, when his vision was unobstructed, he had no chance here.
After the assailant had shot the couple he drove away. Michael again described the vehicle "He only saw the rear portion of it, this rear part appearing to be a vehicle similar to or the same type as Dea's car, a Corvair. Also a very similar color, possibly a little bit lighter brown." These descriptions are less than convincing. The first page of the police report details the assailant's vehicle as a Corvair or Mustang. In a later newspaper article Michael Mageau described the vehicle as a "1958 or 1959 Falcon. The color was brown or bronze."  It is apparent he was simply unsure of what vehicle he observed that night, which under the circumstances is totally understandable. But did Michael Mageau get the color correct. The answer could possibly be yes, but he was incorrect. By that I mean, his eyes saw brown, when in fact the color was closer to white.
The factory specifications of a 1959 or 1960 Chevrolet Impala show the vehicle was manufactured with a set range of colors.
One of which was 'Ermine White'. This color has a distinctive off white appearance. 

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On the right is a 1963 Corvette in 'Ermine White'.
It can be clearly seen that it has a distinct brown hue, although it is classified as white. In the image below I have created a night setting closer to that experienced by Michael Mageau. The 'Ermine White' vehicle takes on a distinctly more medium brown or bronze color, similar to the Corvair driven by Darlene Ferrin. This could easily account for the discrepancies in identification between Robert Connelly, Bingo Wesner and Michael Mageau. particularly considering the circumstances Michael Mageau faced that night.
Because of Michael Mageau's uncertainty, it is certainly possible the vehicle he encountered that night could have been the same vehicle observed at Lake Herman Road, a 1959 or 1960 white Chevrolet Impala, and go a long way in linking both these crimes together.  
But was the vehicle that pulled alongside Darlene Ferin's Corvair only 6-8 feet to the left, the same vehicle that returned 5 minutes later and parked 10 feet behind. The answer is yet to be determined, but the curious behavior of the first sighting in an empty parking lot just prior to the shooting seems to suggest the two may very well be connected.
Raymond Grant-​ The White Chevrolet Impala. 

FOOTNOTE
In the 'Debut of Zodiac' letter received by the San Francisco Examiner on August 4th 1969, the Zodiac Killer stated; 
"The man who told police that my car was brown was a negro about 40-45 rather shabbly dressed. I was in this phone booth having some fun with the Vallejo cop when he was walking by. When I hung the phone up the damn thing began to ring 
& that drew his attention to me + my car." This negro male was never traced and did not feature in the police report.
The details of his age range and what he was wearing, on the face of it appear unnecessary, unless of course the Zodiac Killer was deliberately creating a fictional character who just so happened to observe his brown car. Bearing in mind Zodiac had likely read newspaper reports of Michael Mageau detailing a brown car in the parking lot of Blue Rock Springs, what better way to corroborate his sighting by further implanting the seed of a brown car into the minds of investigators, by the hand of this fictional eyewitness. If Zodiac's vehicle was 'Ermine White' then clearly this is to his advantage. Voluntarily offering the color of his vehicle as brown, if in fact it was brown, must be viewed with suspicion.       

THE 'FICTITIOUS' NEGRO MALE

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The following is nothing new, but is a further re-examination of the critical period after the Blue Rock Springs Park and Lake Herman Road attacks, focusing in on 'two phone calls' made shortly after each crime. It will place particular emphasis on the area around the Springs/Tuolumne payphone, and the possibility the killer's residence on foot, was mere minutes away. We shall also look again at the wording of the Zodiac Killer in the 'Debut of Zodiac' letter received by the San Francisco Examiner on August 4th 1969. Here is what we noted in a previous article:
'In the 'Debut of Zodiac' letter received by the San Francisco Examiner on August 4th 1969, the Zodiac Killer stated; 
"The man who told police that my car was brown was a negro about 40-45 rather shabbly dressed. I was in this phone booth having some fun with the Vallejo cop when he was walking by. When I hung the phone up the damn thing began to ring & that drew his attention to me + my car." This negro male was never traced and did not feature in the police report. The details of his age range and what he was wearing, on the face of it appear unnecessary, unless of course the Zodiac Killer was deliberately creating a fictional character who just so happened to observe his brown car. Bearing in mind Zodiac had likely read newspaper reports of Michael Mageau detailing a brown car in the parking lot of Blue Rock Springs, what better way to corroborate his sighting by further implanting the seed of a brown car into the minds of investigators, by the hand of this fictional eyewitness. If Zodiac's vehicle was 'Ermine White' then clearly this is to his advantage. Voluntarily offering the color of his vehicle as brown, if in fact it was brown, must be viewed with suspicion'.
      
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Two other things strike you about this section of correspondence. The Zodiac's willingness to accept he made an error of judgment when he hung up the phone, unless of course he had an ulterior motive for it.
In his communications to police the Zodiac would never refer to his victims by name, calling them boy, girl, teenagers or taxicab driver. He only expanded on their descriptions when attempting to verify he was the killer, or in this case to verify he was spotted in his "brown car", by a "40-45 year old shabbily dressed negro male." Indeed, very helpful descriptions by the murderer, yet somewhat unnecessary. What had the killer to gain by adding this superfluous information, other than to benefit himself. He made specific reference to "that drew his attention to me + my car", when he could simply have said "that drew his attention to me". The killer appeared to be emphasizing that not only was he in his car, but it was also brown, just like Mageau had described. By placing himself at the payphone in his vehicle approximately 40 minutes after the attack, when it was only 10 minutes from the Blue Rock Springs parking lot, may have suggested to police that he drove to the payphone and could live almost anywhere. Or was that what he wanted them to believe, by being so utterly unselfish and extremely forthright, in adding in the detailed eyewitness and his brown car parked nearby. When in fact he was on foot, and had placed the phone call after returning home, ditching his weapon, vehicle and clothing (which may have received blood transfer from the shooting).  
The downside of a killer resident in downtown Vallejo, American Canyon or Benicia, is that, had he driven home to these locations to ditch his clothing and weapon, he would effectively be driving back towards or nearer to the crime scene to place the phone call. What killer would make a phone call after a murder extremely close to his residence? A killer who was implanting the seed of a brown car, when in fact it was white and not there.
The content of the phone call may also be telling. The directions he gave were correct, apart from the distance. He stated
"I wish to report a double murder. If you will go one mile east on Columbus Parkway to a public park, you will find the kids in a brown car. They have been shot by a 9 mm Luger. I also killed those kids last year.... Good-bye"
This appears incorrect on first reading, whether from the payphone or the police station, but by inserting one break or comma, the directions make perfect sense. "
I wish to report a double murder. If you will go one mile east..... on Columbus Parkway to a public park, you will find the kids in a brown car. They have been shot by a 9 mm Luger. I also killed those kids last year.... Good-bye"  Or by changing one word regarding the recollection of Nancy Slover. "I wish to report a double murder. If you will go one mile east..... on Columbus Parkway by a public park, you will find the kids in a brown car. They have been shot by a 9 mm Luger. I also killed those kids last year.... Good-bye" 
However, is the killer playing down his familiarity with this particular payphone by placing it one mile west of Columbus Parkway, when its true distance is 2 miles.  

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Let us consider the Zodiac Killer lived in a residence extremely close to the payphone, but how close? If he drove to a residence ten minutes from Blue Rock Springs, would he be prepared to walk 20-30 minutes to the payphone, and place the call, knowing he had the equivalent journey back home. In distance terms, one mile from the payphone. Or would he more likely venture 5 or 10 minutes. Could the 'crank call' made after the Lake Herman Road double murder help us, and did the Zodiac Killer place this phone call on foot, from the exact same payphone. This much shallower timeline may place his residence yards from Springs and Tuolumne.
The timeline of Lake Herman Road is debatable, but it is fairly certain that James Owen passed the turnout at 11.08-11.10 pm and heard a shot 30 seconds later. This being the case puts the killer in the turnout at around 11.10 pm.
Stella Medeiros spotting the bodies in the turnout, raced off to Benicia and flagged down Officer Daniel Pitta. This has been argued between 11.19-11.25 pm (Officer Daniel Pitta's police report states 11.25 pm). The dispatch to Benicia Police Department was shortly after. It is widely believed to be around 11.28-11.30 pm.
"Bidou and his partner had served a warrant on a Lake Herman Road cabin Dec. 20, 1968, and were on their way to deposit some marijuana in the police department’s evidence locker when they were dispatched back to Lake Herman Road. Initially, they were told a woman was lying outside a car; they thought they were being sent to a crash. Police at first speculated it might have been a crank call, but the officers headed back north. But when they arrived, Bidou realized it was no crank call and no car accident. Instead, it was a sinister crime scene.
But why, in the plural, had "police at first suspected it was a crank call." What gave them this idea, after all this incident was radioed in by an experienced officer. Was the supposition of a crank call, which police "first suspected," allayed when the radio message arrived moments later from Officer Daniel Pitta. ​Had this been called in by Zodiac? Had this been called in from the payphone at Springs and Tuolumne, just as it was to be some six and a half months later? If police first suspected this was a crank call, then it was likely called in before Officer Daniel Pitta radioed in, whose confirmation would effectively quash the idea it was a hoax, as police first suspected.
The journey time from the Gate #10 turnout to Springs and Tuolumne is 12 minutes. Had the Zodiac Killer left the turnout at approximately 11.10 pm or shortly thereafter, let us say 11.11-11.12 pm, then the killer was able to place the phone call 12 minutes later at 11.23-11.24 pm, before Daniel Pitta radioed in, leading to the initial confusion experienced by police officers and the assumption it was a crank call. The Zodiac Killer may even have had a extra 3-5 minute window to travel home, ditch his vehicle and weapon, and walk to the payphone. Whatever the case, the author of the 'Debut Letter' was seemingly eager to sell us a narrative.   

THE LADY IN THE BLUE HOUSE

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Picture3841 18th Street, San Francisco
Desert Sun Newspaper -November 10th 1969: Arsenic Is Found In Soft Drink MARTINEZ (UPI)-- 'A young schoolteacher who received threatening telephone calls for 10 days thought the caller was a crank who was pretending to be the Zodiac killer. But police took the threats seriously after 24-year-old Daniel Williams found a lethal dose of arsenic in a bottle of soft drink in his refrigerator. Williams, a teacher at Salesian High School in Richmond, told police the caller talked of how he intended to kill several persons, then last; Sunday said: “You’re the dead duck.” Williams went out and when he returned home found someone had pried open the screen on a back door. However, a police search showed nothing was missing. But after the officers left and Williams took a drink from a bottle of opened soft drink in his refrigerator, he found it tasted “metallic” and immediately spit it out. Police reported Friday that the bottle contained more than enough arsenic to kill a human being. Williams said the caller identified himself as the still sought Zodiac killer of five, but police discounted the idea. The caller would “sob and complain of headaches.” Williams said, and on one occasion said he had gone to a Martinez school in search of victims but left when he found police there. Williams said the caller told him: “I’m too smart for them.” link
The San Francisco Chronicle ran an article on the same subject on November 8th 1969, stating "The string of sadistic calls began on October 23rd. On one occasion, the caller told Williams he had gone to a Martinez school in search of victims but had left when he found police there. Another time, the teacher said the caller, whose voice he described as muffled as if speaking through a handkerchief, said he was going to "kill the lady in the blue house."  
The arsenic laden drink was discovered on November 2nd 1969. This may not have been the Zodiac Killer, however this threat was seemingly backed up. 
The article ran in the San Francisco Chronicle on November 8th 1969, so if this was the Zodiac, he may have been unaware at the point he mailed the 'Dripping Pen' card on November 8th, on whether his deadly attack had been successful. He mailed the "poison pen" letter on the same day and declared "I thought you would need a good laugh before you hear the bad news. You won't get the news for a while yet." Clearly, had Daniel Williams died from the poisoning, he may not have been discovered immediately. The style of attack would also conform to Zodiac's new declaration on November 9th, in that "I have grown rather angry with the police for their telling lies about me. So I shall change the way the collecting of slaves. I shall no longer announce to anyone. When I committ my murders, they shall look like routine robberies, killings of anger, + a few fake accidents, etc".     
The threatening phone calls and attempted murder of this high school teacher would precede the second cipher offering from the Zodiac. An offering accompanied by what could be interpreted as a "poison pen" letter. The Zodiac Killer's first cipher was cracked in a matter of days by Donald Gene and Bettye June Harden. Don Harden began teaching at North Salinas High School in 1960.  

PictureDonald Gene Harden
There is slim chance this was Zodiac, but it doesn't hurt to explore every angle.
Martinez and Richmond, California, where Daniel Williams lived and worked are direct routes from Vallejo and Benicia through to San Francisco. The threatening caller stated he was going to "kill the lady in the blue house." So if the caller was Zodiac, however small the likelihood, what is the reasoning behind this threat, and was he familiar with the woman or the area in question.
The famous "blue house" is situated in the Castro District at 3841 18th Street, San Francisco, near Haight-Ashbury and the Golden Gate Park. It is 3.4 miles southeast of the October 11th 1969 murder of Paul Stine, a month earlier.
It was memorialized in music by French singer Maxime Le Forestier in 1971, inspired by his time living in the blue house with a hippie commune called "Hunga Dunga."
'Maxime Le Forestier spoke of the house where everyone was welcome, where Tom, Phil and Psylvia lived. The house was in fact home to the Hunga Dunga commune, and several of the people mentioned in the song still live in the Bay Area'. Mission Local
Could Daniel Williams have been Zodiac's intended eighth victim, and was the 'Bus Bomb' letter on November 9th 1969, stating "This is the Zodiac speaking up to the end of Oct I have killed 7 people" so precisely, indicative that an eighth victim was yet to be discovered, somewhere between October 31st 1969 and the date of this letter. 
The fact that Zodiac made a point of highlighting the "end of Oct" in the Bus Bomb letter, rather than just stating "to date I have killed 7 people" is extremely suggestive that we hadn't "heard the bad news yet".  

http://www.zodiacciphers.com/zodiac-news/skeleton-in-the-closet

TWO ASSAILANTS AT PRESIDIO HEIGHTS [PT2]

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This is a continuation to the article 'Two Assailants at Presidio Heights', examining the statement given by the Robbins teenagers in the aftermath of the Paul Stine murder. The initial police report found on most websites is noticeably brief compared to the other three crimes, and certainly doesn't encompass the whole story that night. The Robbins teenagers themselves have certainly not been publicity hungry during the last 48 years, so couldn't be accused of witness embellishment. Furthermore, their story has been totally corroborated by Officer Armond Pelissetti in the 2007 Zodiac documentary, along with the blooded fingerprints noted from two areas of the taxicab. Here is a reminder of their story:
"As both Robbins kids were the oldest, their statements were the given the most weight. Also they were the least traumatized by the event. One of the kids (not sure which) noticed a cab parked outside (in that now famous spot) with the interior lights on. So when Lindsey told me that the light inside the car was like a spotlight, it was so bright.
The first kid at the window said the driver looked "sick, or something". Lindsey and Rebecca went to the window and saw the driver laying across the front seat, head toward the passenger door. His head was in the lap of another man (passenger). Rebecca saw blood and said out loud, "he's stabbing that man." She was seeing blood on the victim and saw the glint of a knife, so she assumed a stabbing was taking place. (No shots were heard by anyone). We know now that Zodiac was cutting off a large piece of Stine's shirt with the knife.
At this time, Lindsey went downstairs to get a better look at what was happening, while one of the kids upstairs called the police. Downstairs, the lights were off, so Lindsey knew he could not be seen from the outside. He got close to the window and watched his actions. He was shortly joined by Rebecca. They both watched and observed in silence as Zodiac pushed the driver to an upright position behind the steering wheel, exited the car and walked around the rear of the car and opened the driver's door. Stine had fallen over onto the seat and Zodiac pulled him back up into the seated position and had some difficulty keeping him upright. Once upright, he was seen to have a rag, or something like a handkerchief and began to wipe down the door area and leaning over the driver, part of the dashboard. When he was finished, Zodiac calmly walked to Cherry St. and walked north.
Not many know this, but Lindsey (being 16. feeling immortal, and believing the suspect to be armed with only a knife) ran out of his door to see where Zodiac was going. He ran to the corner of Cherry and watched as Zodiac continued his casual pace right up to the corner of Jackson & Cherry."
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The blooded fingerprints shown on the right are indicative of a suspect bracing his right hand on the dividing panel to pull Paul Stine upright with his left hand, in line with the version given by the Robbins teenagers. Lindsey's venture into the street, latterly joined by the others, is also backed up by the first responding officer, Armond Pelissetti. There is every reason to believe that this is the expanded version of a very brief and inadequate police report, consisting of less than two full pages. But more importantly it helps us with the timeline.
A timeline that strongly suggests the person seen by the three teenagers is not the killer of Paul Stine, just an accomplice to the crime. This could possibly explain the disparity of hair color and age range given by the older teenagers and Officer Donald Fouke, which has a median age difference of almost 13 years and a maximum difference of 20 years.
Lindsey went downstairs as the phone call was being placed. What they saw subsequent to this is: "they both watched and observed in silence as Zodiac pushed the driver to an upright position behind the steering wheel, exited the car and walked around the rear of the car and opened the driver's door. Stine had fallen over onto the seat and Zodiac pulled him back up into the seated position and had some difficulty keeping him upright. Once upright, he was seen to have a rag, or something like a handkerchief and began to wipe down the door area and leaning over the driver, part of the dashboard. When he was finished, Zodiac calmly walked to Cherry St. and walked north." The amount of time this took is subjective, but a minimum of 30 seconds is a fair estimate. Then the suspect walked casually north on Cherry Street.
Armond Pelissetti arrived when the suspect was approaching the corner of Jackson and Cherry, approximately 50 seconds walking time. This indicates that Armond Pelissetti was very close when he received the radio dispatch, likely one and a half minutes after the teenagers called the police. The first job of the police dispatcher however, is to take the description and reported offence, before then relaying this information to responding units. This would indicate Pelissetti received the message and arrived in one minute or less. All the indications are, that the suspect began his journey up Cherry Street the moment that Armond Pelisstti received the initial dispatch. When he arrived, the suspect was approaching the intersection of Jackson and Cherry, approximately 50 seconds later. The major problem, is that Donald Fouke also responded to the initial radio broadcast at the identical time as Pelissetti. This means that Donald Fouke began his journey from the intersection of Washington and Presidio Avenue at the time the suspect began his journey from the crime scene, just like Pelissetti did. The journey time for Donald Fouke traveling at a moderate speed of 30 mph, places him at the intersection of Jackson and Maple one minute later, where he spots the 'Zodiac'. For this to be the suspect observed by the three teenagers, the suspect would have to travel this 3 minute journey at walking pace in approximately one minute. Something he ultimately failed to achieve, because he was pointed out to Armond Pelissetti at the top of Cherry by Lindsey.
If we take the story of the three teenagers as reliable, which by all accounts it is, then the man observed removing the shirt piece of Paul Stine cannot be the man who pulled the trigger that night. He had exited the scene just prior to the teenagers looking out of the window. This would be the suspect observed by Donald Fouke. This is another explanation for the lack of blood on the clothes of the man walking on Jackson Street, he was never present in the front of the taxicab.
Donald Fouke described the sketch given by the three teenagers as 'similar', only that he was 'older and heavier'. Is it likely these two assailants were related, father and son, or brothers. Or did Donald Fouke exhibit confirmation bias, molding his story to fit that of the three teenagers. It would have been far more helpful had two independent sketches been sought. Had the sketches then matched, the validity of the eyewitnesses recollection would have been greatly enhanced. 

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What is extremely difficult to reconcile is the wildly different versions given by Donald Fouke. The first was from his memorandum only one month after the murder on November 12th 1969 where he stated "The Zodiac Killer was observed walking in an easterly direction on Jackson Street and then turning north on Maple Street."
However, his description in the 2007 Zodiac documentary was taken after observing a man heading into a residence: "We turned west on Jackson Street, as we approached Maple Street I noticed on the north side of the street a white male adult. We slowed down as we passed him, I don't know, we we're still rolling, saw that it was a white male, step on the gas, 5, 10, 15
 seconds tops from first spotting him to passing him. He sort of looked down, perhaps this lumbering gait, stumbling along, like a semi-limp might have come up in my mind, because he was putting his head down when he spotted the police car, and turned into the entrance way of a house, and by entrance way I mean stairs that are leading up that are concrete to a path, that leads to a front door. Never saw him get to the top of the stairs. You want the address of that residence, 3712 Jackson Street." 
'Never saw him get to the top of the stairs' suggests this is when the subject went out of view. This does not tally with a man last seen heading north on Maple in the November 12th memorandum. He also stated this in the 2007 documentary: "we 
conducted a search on West Pacific Avenue, the opposite side of the wall and the last direction we observed the suspect going, we did not find the suspect." But in the above recollection the last place he saw the subject heading was up the stairs of 3712 Jackson Street. Bearing in mind these two wholly irreconcilable statements, what is the possibility both accounts have a shred of truth, muddled by time, and Donald Fouke actually saw two men on Jackson Street that night. The first heading north on Maple, the second feigning a move into 3712 Jackson Street.
The timeline would have the first assailant heading towards Maple as Donald Fouke is approaching the intersection. The second assailant is turning the corner of Jackson and Cherry. Donald Fouke slows down and beckons the man over, who states he saw somebody waving a gun heading towards Arguello Boulevard. The second assailant meanwhile is heading towards his accomplice, thinking he may have to intervene. But fortunately Donald Fouke, under the impression he is searching for a negro male adult buys the story and continues on Jackson Street, when he spots the second subject. The second assailant then feigns to turn into 3712 Jackson Street instinctively to give the impression to the patrol car he is a resident of that house. Donald Fouke, satisfied by the first assailant's story slows down to observe this man, but ultimately decides to head towards Arguello Boulevard. This may explain the conflicted versions given by Donald Fouke that night, and his difficulty when it comes to a coherent account of the events that night.  
The timeline is suggestive of two assailants, along with two subjects spotted in two different locations by Donald Fouke. This may explain why the man observed in and around the taxicab that night by the three teenagers was apparently so calm. He possibly had no gun, or not the gun that fired the fatal shot and was simply aiding a stricken taxicab driver. This may have been his alibi had he required one. 
The Zodiac stated "This is the Zodiac speaking. I am the murderer of the taxi driver over by Washington St + Maple St last night, to prove this here is a blood stained piece of his shirt." He didn't say we, so maybe we shall have to take his word on it.

TWO ASSAILANTS AT PRESIDIO HEIGHTS [PT1]

THE MURDER OF MARJORIE LEE WINN

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Eighteen years before the murder of Cheri Jo Bates in Riverside, California, on February 8th 1948, another senseless murder was perpetrated on a young woman in Riverside County. Marjorie Lee Winn (17), a Redlands High School student, was traveling with her companion Jim Sloan Jr in his Mercury Coupe along Highway 99, just past Beaumont, at around 2.30 am, when they pulled over for a brief moment. Suddenly a man yanked open the passenger door of his Mercury Coupe and pointed a shotgun at Marjorie. Jim Sloan stepped on the gas to pull away and the gun discharged, leaving the young student with what would prove fatal injuries.
On the evening of the 7th,  Albert Strickland had been drinking at a bar located on 14th Street and Howard Avenue in Riverside, when his vehicle, carelessly parked outside with a loaded shotgun lying on the seat, was stolen. The bar was situated only four minutes drive, or one mile from the Terracina Drive alleyway where Cheri Jo Bates would ultimately be murdered in 1966.
Sometime after 1.00 am Adolph Eilts and his wife were disturbed in their Beaumont home by an intruder carrying a flashlight. Confronted by the home owner the man fled, but when the homeowner went outside he discovered the abandoned Packard of Albert Strickland minus the shotgun. Just over an hour later Marjorie would be dead. After the murder of Margie Lee Winn, a massive manhunt ensued, becoming headline news, yet the killer was never identified. An unsigned 'confession' letter was received by Redlands Police Chief A.O. Peterson stating "I killed M. Winn because I loved her. I am traveling north by Greyhound bus. I bought my ticket from a bus driver by the name of Mr. Lee in Los Angeles." An anonymous caller to Riverside Police Department led to the discovery of a pair of size seven shoes in a vacant lot, that matched the impressions taken from the location of the murder and therefore were determined by police to be those of the killer.
Prime suspect Richard Olsen (25) admitted to being the author of the anonymous letter, however, he denied the murder, and despite wearing size seven shoes was eventually ruled out by police in the murder of Margie Lee Winn. 
The murder in Beaumont was perpetrated approximately 26 miles east of the Riverside City College library and has some overlapping characteristics to the Zodiac Killer and Cheri Jo Bates, but this is extremely unlikely to be connected to either, having the hallmarks of robbery, rather than premeditated murder. To read more in depth on this murder please visit 
http://tonimomberger.weebly.com/the-unsolved-killing-of-margie-lee-winn.html

"RUN ALL OVER TOWN WITH"

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The Zodiac Killer wrote in his 'Bus Bomb' letter "If you wonder why I was wipeing the cab down I was leaving fake clews for the police to run all over town with, as one might say." This has been mulled over incessantly to discover the true meaning to which the Zodiac was referring, with many believing the Zodiac killer was likely leaving fake fingerprints. But unless the identity of the fingerprints was discovered by comparison, the police wouldn't be running anywhere.
Three years earlier in a Riverside alleyway, Cheri Jo Bates' lifeless body was discovered by groundskeeper Cleophus Martin. She had been brutally stabbed and slashed with a short-bladed knife on October 30th 1966. Sitting just 10 feet away was a Timex watch, believed to have been ripped from the assailant's wrist during the struggle. Or possibly that is what the killer wanted us to believe. It was determined that the wristband was set for a man with a 7 inch wrist. Was this a 'fake clew' designed to throw investigators off the scent of the killer. 
PictureClick image for first part of article
The Zodiac Killer appeared well read, certainly keeping abreast of the newspaper coverage of his crimes. The extract on the left was published in the Chicago Tribune on Tuesday November 1st 1966, only two days after the murder of Cheri Jo Bates. It states 'Police have arrested no suspects, but they said they were examining several clews. A man's wristwatch was found about 10 feet from the body.' Did the Zodiac drag these clews into his November 9th 1969 'Bus Bomb' letter, this time replacing the 7 inch leather watch with a pair of size 7 black leather gloves as his 'fake clews'.
Although Robert Graysmith claimed in his first book these gloves may have been left in the taxicab by a prior female passenger, he effectively contradicted this account in 'Zodiac Unmasked,' using them, in effect, to implicate Arthur Leigh Allen.
Shortly after the murder of Paul Stine in Presidio Heights on October 11th 1969, three teenagers noticed a man in the front seat of the taxicab, stating "The suspect appeared to be searching the victim's pockets. The suspect then appeared to be wiping (fingerprints) on the interior of the cab, leaning over the victim to the driver's compartment." The three teenagers later recalled "They both watched and observed in silence as Zodiac pushed the driver to an upright position behind the steering wheel, exited the car and walked around the rear of the car and opened the driver's door. Stine had fallen over onto the seat and Zodiac pulled him back up into the seated position and had some difficulty keeping him upright. Once upright, he was seen to have a rag, or something like a handkerchief and began to wipe down the door area and leaning over the driver, part of the dashboard." But was the Zodiac only wiping down the driver side compartment and dashboard. Could he have been removing gloves from his own pocket to deposit them underneath the dashboard. Robert Graysmith stated in Zodiac "Just under the dash, Toschi found a pair of dull black leather gloves."  Were these Zodiac's "fake clews for the police to run all over town with, as one might say," despite the fact he could have said "fake clews for the police to dash all over town with," but he didn't. 

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The investigators certainly considered these gloves as belonging to the killer, and were taken into evidence (see right). It is equally certain they would have attempted to trace the origin and manufacturer of the gloves, as they did with the Wing Walker's that created the boot impressions noted at the Lake Berryessa crime scene. This would have given the police "some bussy work to do to keep them happy," and would most certainly have had them "running all over town."
In an interview with Bryan Hartnell shortly after the Lake Berryessa stabbing, he was asked if the assailant wore gloves. He replied "I don't remember if he had gloves on or not. I can't remember now. I keep thinking he had gloves on."
Did the Zodiac Killer purchase gloves with the express intention of dropping them in the taxicab, to give police the runaround. Or was he steering us towards his previous exploits at Lake Berryessa..
One doesn't know if the San Francisco Police Department traced the origin of the gloves, or indeed whether the gloves were labeled, but one of the premier glove manufacturers in the USA and California was the Napa Glove Company in Napa Valley, whose beginnings stretch back as far as 1888. The Napa Glove Company is situated one mile west of the 1231 Main Steet payphone, where Zodiac placed his second phone call to police. Napa leather was first 'coined' by Emanuel Manasse in 1875 while working for the Sawyer Tanning Company in Napa, California, and can be found in Merriam-Webster's dictionary. See Wikipedia.
This however would have been one hell of a 'fake clew'.

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